Best 20 Estates in Abia State

Abia State, located in Nigeria’s South-East geopolitical zone, is experiencing rapid growth, particularly in Aba and Umuahia, driven by commercial activity, infrastructure development, and the proposed creation of Aba State. This article details the top 20 estates in Abia State as of 2025, selected based on infrastructure, location, investment potential, and amenities. Information is sourced from platforms like Nigeria Property Centre, PropertyPro Nigeria, Jiji.ng, and recent posts on X. Each estate includes land cost, developer, price list, rental and purchase costs, nearest bus stop, location, residential properties, land availability, infrastructure, investment potential, inflation warning, notes, and a summary.

1. Ala Oma Gardens

Land Cost: ₦3,000,000 per plot (450 sqm).
Developer: Unknown (marketed by Poise And Ambrosia Investments).
Price List: 450 sqm: ₦3,000,000 (all-inclusive); initial deposit: ₦500,000; 3-month interest-free plan; 6–12-month plans available.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Obehie Junction.
Location: Obehie, Aba-Port Harcourt Road, Ukwa West LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with registered survey, power of attorney, and certificate of ownership.
Estate Infrastructure: Perimeter fencing, road network, drainage, security, street lights.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% annual appreciation due to proximity to oil-producing areas and proposed Aba State creation.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: 100% dry land; ideal for investors eyeing Aba’s industrial growth.
Summary: Ala Oma Gardens offers affordability and strong ROI in a fast-developing oil hub.

2. Flourish Luxury Villas

Land Cost: ₦3,000,000 per plot (464 sqm).
Developer: Pwan Homes.
Price List: 464 sqm: ₦3,000,000; initial deposit: ₦500,000; flexible payment plans.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Ubakala Junction.
Location: Amibo-Ubakala, Umuahia, Umuahia South LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with registered survey and power of attorney.
Estate Infrastructure: Green areas, piped water, gated community, mini sports arena, street lights, access roads, drainage.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to Umuahia’s capital city status and infrastructure growth.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may drive costs up by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Serene location ideal for luxury living.
Summary: Flourish Luxury Villas combines affordability with modern amenities in Umuahia.

3. Lighthouse Villas

Land Cost: ₦2,500,000 per plot (464 sqm).
Developer: Pwan Real Estate Company.
Price List: 464 sqm: ₦2,500,000 (all-inclusive); flexible payment plans.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000, Hawkins: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Ogbor Hill Junction.
Location: Ogbor Hill, Ovom, Aba, Obingwa LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with registered survey and power of attorney.
Estate Infrastructure: Perimeter fencing, road network, drainage, security, street lights.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to proximity to Ariaria International Market and commercial hubs.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Strategic location ensures lucrative ROI.
Summary: Lighthouse Villas is a budget-friendly, high-ROI estate in Aba’s commercial core.

4. Lush Garden Extension Phase 5

Land Cost: ₦2,000,000 per plot (464 sqm).
Developer: Pwan Valued Properties.
Price List: 464 sqm: ₦2,000,000; flexible payment plans.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Ubakala Junction.
Location: Ubakala, Umuahia, Umuahia South LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with registered survey.
Estate Infrastructure: Road network, drainage, security, perimeter fencing.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to Umuahia’s growth and proximity to JAMB Abia State Headquarters.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Ideal for serene retreats or vacation homes.
Summary: Lush Garden offers affordability and strong ROI in a developing Umuahia location.

5. Royal Park Ubakala

Land Cost: ₦3,000,000 per plot (464 sqm).
Developer: Unknown (marketed by Pwan Valued Properties).
Price List: 464 sqm: ₦3,000,000; initial deposit: ₦500,000; instant allocation.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Ubakala Junction.
Location: Ubakala, Umuahia, Umuahia South LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with registered survey; buy-and-build estate.
Estate Infrastructure: Road network, drainage, security, perimeter fencing, serene environment.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to Umuahia’s capital city status.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: 100% table dry land, ideal for immediate development.
Summary: Royal Park is a buy-and-build estate with strong ROI in Umuahia.

6. Landview City Aba

Land Cost: ₦3,000,000–₦4,000,000 per plot (300–450 sqm).
Developer: Phebsemerald Realty.
Price List: 300 sqm: ₦3,000,000; 450 sqm: ₦4,000,000 (all-inclusive); initial deposit: ₦500,000.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Ogbor Hill Junction.
Location: Ogbor Hill, Aba, Obingwa LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with registered survey and power of attorney.
Estate Infrastructure: Perimeter fencing, road network, drainage, security, street lights.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to proximity to National Institute for Nigerian Languages and Aba’s commercial growth.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Strategic location near Aba’s ultra-modern mechanic village.
Summary: Landview City is a prime investment in Aba’s booming real estate market.

7. Petra Courts

Land Cost: ₦3,000,000 (residential); ₦6,000,000 (commercial) per plot (464 sqm).
Developer: D’realtor Babes.
Price List: 464 sqm: ₦3,000,000 (residential); ₦6,000,000 (commercial); 3-month interest-free plan.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Ogbor Hill Junction.
Location: Ogbor Hill, Aba, Obingwa LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes, commercial spaces.
Land for Development: Available, with registered survey, power of attorney, and C of O.
Estate Infrastructure: 24/7 security, drainage, perimeter fencing, road network, constant electricity.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to Aba’s industrial growth and proposed modular refinery.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Ideal for residential and commercial development.
Summary: Petra Courts offers robust infrastructure and strong ROI in Aba.

8. Hope Gardens

Land Cost: ₦4,500,000 per plot (464 sqm).
Developer: Pwan Lighthouse.
Price List: 464 sqm: ₦4,500,000 (all-inclusive); flexible payment plans.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Ogbor Hill Junction.
Location: Ogbor Hill, Aba, Obingwa LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with registered survey and power of attorney.
Estate Infrastructure: Perimeter fencing, road network, drainage, security, street lights.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to Aba’s rapid urban growth.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Fast resale value due to Aba’s commercial hub status.
Summary: Hope Gardens is a high-value estate in Aba’s growing market.

9. Villa Gardens

Land Cost: ₦2,500,000–₦3,000,000 per plot (464 sqm).
Developer: Pwan Real Estate Company.
Price List: 464 sqm: ₦2,500,000 (promo for first 20 plots); regular: ₦3,000,000; flexible plans.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Ogbor Hill Junction.
Location: Ogbor Hill, Aba, Obingwa LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with registered survey and power of attorney.
Estate Infrastructure: Smart security, electricity, perimeter fencing, drainage, tarred roads, street lights.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to Aba’s commercial vibrancy.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Launch offer for early buyers; ideal for legacy investments.
Summary: Villa Gardens is an affordable, high-ROI estate in Aba.

10. Charisma Garden Estate

Land Cost: ₦1,500,000–₦3,000,000 per plot (232–464 sqm).
Developer: Brownshuag Global Realty.
Price List: 232 sqm: ₦1,500,000; 464 sqm: ₦3,000,000; flexible plans up to 12 months.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Ogbor Hill Junction.
Location: Ogbor Hill, Ovom, Aba, Obingwa LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with registered survey and power of attorney.
Estate Infrastructure: Road network, perimeter fencing, drainage, security, 100% dry land.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to proximity to Ariaria International Market.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Free from government acquisition; instant allocation.
Summary: Charisma Garden is a cost-effective, high-ROI estate in Aba.

11. Ikemba Estate

Land Cost: ₦7,500,000 per plot (464 sqm).
Developer: D’realtor Babes.
Price List: 464 sqm: ₦7,500,000 (all-inclusive); instant allocation; C of O included.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Osisioma Flyover.
Location: 30 min from Osisioma Flyover, Aba-Enugu Road, Ukwa West LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with C of O and registered survey.
Estate Infrastructure: Road network, drainage, security, perimeter fencing.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to proposed 10,000-capacity modular refinery by May 2025.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Strategic location for industrial growth.
Summary: Ikemba Estate is a premium investment in Aba’s industrial hub.

12. Radiant City

Land Cost: ₦2,500,000 per plot (464 sqm, promo price).
Developer: Gidi Cooperative Society.
Price List: 464 sqm: ₦2,500,000 (10% off promo); regular: ₦3,000,000.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Ogbor Hill Junction.
Location: Ogbor Hill, Aba, Obingwa LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with registered survey.
Estate Infrastructure: Road network, drainage, security, perimeter fencing.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to Aba’s commercial growth.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Promo pricing enhances affordability.
Summary: Radiant City is a budget-friendly, high-ROI estate in Aba.

13. Valley View Estate

Land Cost: ₦3,500,000 per plot (450 sqm).
Developer: Abia State Government.
Price List: 450 sqm: ₦3,500,000; flexible payment plans.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Ubakala Junction.
Location: Umuahia, Umuahia South LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with government-backed titles.
Estate Infrastructure: Perimeter fencing, road network, drainage, security, street lights.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to government housing initiatives.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Part of Gov. Otti’s affordable housing project.
Summary: Valley View is a government-supported estate with strong ROI in Umuahia.

14. Mgbarakuma Estate

Land Cost: ₦3,500,000 per plot (450 sqm).
Developer: Abia State Government.
Price List: 450 sqm: ₦3,500,000; flexible payment plans.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Mgbarakuma Junction.
Location: Umuahia, Umuahia South LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with government-backed titles.
Estate Infrastructure: Perimeter fencing, road network, drainage, security, street lights.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to government support.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Part of Gov. Otti’s housing initiative.
Summary: Mgbarakuma Estate offers secure titles and strong ROI in Umuahia.

15. Mbaisii Estate

Land Cost: ₦3,500,000 per plot (450 sqm).
Developer: Abia State Government.
Price List: 450 sqm: ₦3,500,000; flexible payment plans.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Mbaisii Junction.
Location: Umuahia, Umuahia South LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with government-backed titles.
Estate Infrastructure: Perimeter fencing, road network, drainage, security, street lights.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to government housing projects.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Part of Gov. Otti’s affordable housing initiative.
Summary: Mbaisii Estate is a secure, high-ROI estate in Umuahia.

16. Obehie Housing Estate

Land Cost: ₦3,500,000 per plot (450 sqm).
Developer: Abia State Government.
Price List: 450 sqm: ₦3,500,000; flexible payment plans.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Obehie Junction.
Location: Obehie, Ukwa West LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with government-backed titles.
Estate Infrastructure: Perimeter fencing, road network, drainage, security, street lights.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to oil hub proximity.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Part of Gov. Otti’s housing initiative; oil-producing area.
Summary: Obehie Housing Estate offers strong ROI in an industrial hub.

17. Golden Guinea Estate

Land Cost: ₦4,000,000 per plot (450 sqm).
Developer: Unknown (marketed by private agents).
Price List: 450 sqm: ₦4,000,000; flexible payment plans.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Ariaria Market Junction.
Location: Aba, Osisioma LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with registered survey.
Estate Infrastructure: Road network, drainage, security, perimeter fencing.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to Aba’s commercial hub status.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Close to Ariaria International Market.
Summary: Golden Guinea is a high-ROI estate in Aba’s commercial core.

18. Ariaria Estate

Land Cost: ₦5,000,000 per plot (450 sqm).
Developer: Unknown (marketed by private agents).
Price List: 450 sqm: ₦5,000,000; flexible payment plans.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Ariaria Market Junction.
Location: Aba, Osisioma LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes, commercial spaces.
Land for Development: Available, with registered survey.
Estate Infrastructure: Road network, drainage, security, perimeter fencing.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to proximity to Ariaria International Market.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Ideal for commercial and residential development.
Summary: Ariaria Estate offers strong ROI in Aba’s market hub.

19. Umuahia City Estate

Land Cost: ₦3,500,000 per plot (450 sqm).
Developer: Unknown (marketed by private agents).
Price List: 450 sqm: ₦3,500,000; flexible payment plans.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Umuahia Main Park.
Location: Umuahia, Umuahia North LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with registered survey.
Estate Infrastructure: Road network, drainage, security, perimeter fencing.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to Umuahia’s administrative importance.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Close to government offices and JAMB headquarters.
Summary: Umuahia City Estate is a secure, high-ROI option in the state capital.

20. Ovom Estate

Land Cost: ₦3,000,000 per plot (450 sqm).
Developer: Unknown (marketed by private agents).
Price List: 450 sqm: ₦3,000,000; flexible payment plans.
Cost of Renting: 2-bedroom flats: ₦500,000–₦800,000/year; 3-bedroom bungalows: ₦1,000,000–₦1,500,000/year.
Cost of Buying a Property: 3-bedroom bungalow: ₦25,000,000–₦40,000,000; 4-bedroom duplex: ₦50,000,000–₦80,000,000.
Nearest Bus Stop: Ovom Junction.
Location: Ovom, Aba, Obingwa LGA.
Residential Properties: Flats, bungalows, duplexes.
Land for Development: Available, with registered survey.
Estate Infrastructure: Road network, drainage, security, perimeter fencing.
Investment Potential: High, with 15–20% appreciation due to Aba’s commercial growth.
Inflation Warning: Inflation may increase costs by 15–20% annually.
Notes: Close to commercial hubs and mechanic village.
Summary: Ovom Estate is an affordable, high-ROI estate in Aba’s industrial area.

Inflation Warning

Nigeria’s inflation rate, averaging 15–20% annually in 2025, significantly impacts Abia State’s real estate market. Rising costs of construction materials, labor, and land may increase property prices and development budgets by 15–20% yearly. Investors should act quickly to secure plots at current rates and budget for potential cost escalations.

Notes

Pricing Variability: Land and property prices vary based on location, size, and infrastructure. Verify with developers for current rates.
Title Documents: Ensure properties have valid titles (e.g., registered survey, power of attorney, C of O) to avoid disputes. Check with Abia State Ministry of Lands for approved estates.
Investment Strategy: Diversify across residential and commercial properties to mitigate risks.
Government Support: Initiatives like Gov. Otti’s housing projects and the proposed Aba State creation enhance estate appeal.
Booking Platforms: Use Nigeria Property Centre, PropertyPro Nigeria, or Jiji.ng for listings and agent contacts.

Summary

Abia State’s real estate market is booming, driven by Aba’s commercial vibrancy and Umuahia’s administrative significance. Estates like Lighthouse Villas, Lush Garden, and Villa Gardens offer affordable entry points, while premium options like Ikemba Estate cater to industrial investors. With 15–20% annual property appreciation, robust infrastructure, and government-backed housing projects, Abia is a prime investment destination. However, inflation and rising construction costs necessitate timely investment decisions and thorough due diligence.